OS/78 command summary. Processed by HELP.SV. To add text files:


 
&
                    *** OS/78 Command Summary ***

ASSIGN	Rename a logical device		LOAD	Load filespec
BASIC	Enter BASIC system		MAP	Map binary files
BOOT	Bootstrap another device	MEMORY	Adjust memory size
COMPARE compare ASCII files		ODT	Run octal debugger
COMPILE Compile FORTRAN, BASIC, PAL	PAL	Assemble filespec
COPY	Copy filespec			R	Run program from SYS:
CREATE	Open new filespec for editing	RENAME	Rename filespec
CREF	Assemble with CREFed listing    RTFLOP  RT-11 to OS/78 transfer
DATE    Enter or read date		RUN     Run filespec
DEASSI  Deassign logical devices        SAVE    Save program image
DELETE  Delete filespec                 SET     Alter device characteristics
DIRECT  Request directory               SQUISH  Remove empty blocks on a device
DUPLIC  Copy diskette                   START   Start [loaded] program
EDIT    Edit file                       SUBMIT  Request BATCH operation
EXECUTE Load/run FORTRAN, BASIC, PAL    TERMIN  Run TERMIN.SV (user written)
FORMAT  Format RL01/02 disk for OS/78   TYPE    Type filespec
FUTIL   File utility program            UA-UC   User defined commands
GET     Load image file into memory     ZERO    Zero directory of a device
HELP    "HELP" prints this list; "HELP ?" lists available HELP subjects.
	"HELP WRITE" has instructions for writing your own HELP files.

&BASIC
	BASIC.SV
 
@Calling Commands:
.BASIC
 
@Internal Commands:
BYE	Exit from BASIC
EDIT	Edit a line
LIST	List current program statements
NAME	Rename current program
NEW	Prepare for a new program
OLD	Retrieve an old program
RUN	Run current program
SAVE	Save current program
SCRATCH	Delete current program
SEQ	Begin auto sequence mode





 
&BOOT
	BOOT.SV

@Calling Commands:

.BOOT/dv

@dv	= RX to boot from RL01/02 disk to RX01/02 diskette
	= RL to boot from RX01/02 diskette to RL01/02 disk
















&COMPAR
	SRCCOM.SV
 
@Calling Commands:
.COMPAR outdev:file.PA<indev:file1.PA,indev:file2.PA
.COMPAR outfile.PA<infile1.PA,infile2.PA - - - -(iles on DSK)
 
@Switches:
/B	Compare blank lines
/C	Don't compare (slashed) comments
/S	Don't compare tabs and spaces
/T	Convert tabs to spaces on output
/X	Don't compare or print comments
 
@ERRORS:
?0	Insufficient memory
?1	Input error file 1 (or less than 2 input files)
?2	Input error file 2
?3	Output file too large
?4	Output error
?5	Can't open output file
 
 
&COMPILE
&FORTRAN

Assembles (and compiles if necessary) programs written in:

	BASIC   (runs BASIC.SV)
	FORTRAN (runs F4.SV)
	PAL8	(runs PAL8.SV)

@FORTRAN Calling Commands:	(Compile FORTRAN PROGRAM)

.COMPILE outdev:ralffilE.RL,outdev:listfile.LS,outdev:mapfile.MP<indev:file.FT
.COMPILE infile.FT - - - -(from DSK)
  
@Switches:
/L	Chain to loader to create load-image file (use loader options too)
/G	Same as /L and runs program
/N	Suppress internal statement numbers
/Q	Optimize cross-statement subscripting
 
.HELP F4ERR	(Prints FORTRAN error messages)

PAL8 and BASIC Calling Commands:	(Assemble PAL program compile, load 
					 and run BASIC program)

	See HELP for PAL8 and BASIC


&CREF
	CREF.SV

@Calling Commands:
.CREF outdev:binfile.BN,outdev:listfile.LS,outdev:tempfile.TM<indev:file.PA
.CREF indev:file.PA - - (listing to LPT only)
.CREF infile.PA - - - -	(listing to LPT, input file on DSK)

@Switches:
/E	Don't delete temporary CREF file (CREFLS.TM)
/M	CREF files with many symbols in 2 passes (twice as slow)
/P	No pass 1 listing
/U	No listing or symbol table
/X	No literals








&DIRECT
	DIRECT.SV

@Calling Commands
.DIR dev:filespec		(*  = wild name or extension)
				(?  = wild character)
.DIR 

@Switches:
/B	Include starting block numbers (octal)
/C	List only files with current date
/E	Include empties
/F	Fast mode
/M	List empties only
/O	List only files with other than today's date
/R	List remainder of files after first one (but use /C,/O)
/U	Treat each input specification separately
/V	List files not of form specified
=n	Use n columns



&DUPLICATE
	RXCOPY.SV
 
@Calling Commands:
.DUPLIC outdev:<indev:
 
@Switches:
/C	Default, copy and match
/D	Format output diskette to double-density (RX02)
/M	Match with no implied copy
/N	Copy with no implied match
/P	Pause before and after accessing disk
/R	Read output device with no implied copy or match
/S	Format output diskette to single-density (RX02)







&EDIT
&CREATE
	EDIT.SV			     
@Calling Commands:		             Internal Commands:            

.EDIT outdev:file.PA<indev:file.PA      A  Append text                 
.CREATE outfile.PA		     	B  List # locations left       
				     	C  Change text                 
@Switches:
			        	D  Delete text                 
/A  Return to editor on close    	E  Transfer rest of data,close 
/B  Convert spaces to tab	     	F  After j,resume search       
/D  Predelete		     		G  Get and list tagged line    
    				       	I  Insert text                 
Errors:
			     	        J  Inter-buffer search         
?0  Input error			     	K  Kill buffer                 
?1  Output error		     	L  List text                   
?2  Close error			     	M  Wove text                   
?3  Open error			     	N  Write text,read next page   
?4  Couldn't load handler	     	P  Write buffer to output      
				     	Q  Immediate end of file       
				     	R  Read from input device      
				     	S  Character search            
				     	V  List on line printer        
				     	Y  Input page,no output        
   				     
 
 
&EXECUTE
	  PAL8.SV and ABSLDR.SV
	  F4.SV, FRTS.SV, and LOAD.SV
	  BASIC.SV, BRTS.SV, and BLOAD.SV

			(Compile, assemble, load, and run PAL, FORTRAN, 
@Calling Commands:	 and BASIC programs)
.EXECUTE indev:file

		NOTE
   See BASIC, COMPILE, LOAD, and PAL
   Commands for additional command
   strings and options.



&FUTIL
	FUTIL.SV

Note: FUTIL is a versatile program, but is also quite sophisticated.
Do not use this utility until you have read the manual and understand
what you want to do. Always operate with a copy of your system files.

Conditions are established with the command SET "function argument".
Currently existing conditions are returned with the command SHOW
"function". Additional commands allow file manipulation, and BATCH
control.

  SET	DEVICE  device:		declare input device
	DDEVIC  device:		declare output device
	DMODE	ALL		output to declared and default devices
		PART		output only to declared devices
		NONE		no output
	ERROR	LONG		long form of error messages
		SHORT		abbreviated error messages
	FILLER  numeric		sets low bits of numeric arguments
	FORMAT  one of: ASCII, BCD, BYTE, DIRECTORY, FPP, OCTAL, OS,
 			UNSIGNED, SIGNED, XS240
	LOWER	numeric		lower limit for search
	MASK	numeric		mask for WORD search
	MODE	one of: LOAD, NORMAL, OFFSET, SAVE
	OFFSET  numeric          sets low bits of location searched for
	OUTPUT	one of: FPP, OCTAL, PDP
	TEMP	numeric		set TEMP=n (24bit)

SHOW	one of:	ABSOLUTE, BLOCK, CCB, DEVICE, DDEVICE, ERRORS, FILLER,
		FORMAT, HEADER, LOWER, MASK, MODE, ODT, OFFSET, OUTPUT,
		RELATIVE, SMASK, UPPER, VERSION

DUMP [format] location string

LIST [format] location string

MODIFY (in some format,) location string	Formats: ASCII, PACKED
						OS, XS240, NUMERIC

WORD	one of:	ABSOLUTE, FROM, MEMREF, TO, UNEQUAL  [bit pattern to use]

STRING	one of: ABSOLUTE, FROM, MASKED, TO [string to use]

SMASK   [string mask to use]

FILE	retrieve file parameters
WRITE	write out modification buffer
SCAN    read check of DDEV
REWIND  initialize directory references
OPEN 	open a file on DDEV
CLOSE	close a file on DDEV
EVALUATE <expression>

BATCH operations:

	IF <expression> evaluates to zero continue, else skip to END
	END enable execution following a non-zero IF
	COMMENT pass comment from TTY to BATCH log
	EXIT  exit to BATCH (if running, else exit to OS/78 monitor)

Single character commands:  (n = optional numeric argument)

  n/	open location in current mode (all locations are closed
	before the next commands are executed)
  n#	output location contents in BCD
  n$	(dollar) output contents in ASCII
  n%	output contents in OS/78 BYTE mode
  n&	output contents in XS240 ASCII 
  n:	output contents in SIGNED DECIMAL
  n<	output contents in OCTAL
  n=	output contents in UNSIGNED DECIMAL
  n>	output contents in PDP (symbolic)
  n?	output contents in DIRECTORY format
  n@	output contents in OS/78 DATE format
  n[	output contents in ASCII
  n\	output contents in FFP (symbolic)
  ]	output contents in PACKED ASCII
n<esc>	output contents in the current format
n<ret>	close the location(s) with no output
  n;	close the location(s), open the next; has no output


&FORMAT
	FORMAT.SV

@CALLING COMMAND:
.FORMAT RL01/option

or:

.FORMAT RL02/option

@Options:

/0	Drive 0
/1	Drive 1 (default)
/P	Pause before and after formatting disk

			NOTE:

	If additional bad blocks are found on
	existing packs, some files may not be
	recoverable. If drive 0 is selected, a
	PAUSE will follow to allow a chance to
	exit the program before formatting the
	system pack. Formatting does not alter
	the contents of files.

&F4ERR

FORTRAN compiler errors:

AA	Too many args are arrays	ML	Multiply defined line numbers
AS	Bad ASSIGN statement		MM	Mismatched parenthesis
BD	Bad dimensions			MO	Expected operand missing
BS	Bad statement in BLOCK DATA	MT	Mixed variable types
CL	Bad complex literal		OF	Error writing output file
CO	Syntax error in COMMON		OP	Illegal operator
DA	Bad syntax in DATA statement	OT	Wrong operand type
DE	Illegal statement at end of DO	PD	Compiler stack overflow
DF	Bad DEFINE FILE statement	PH	Bad program header line
DH	Hollerith field error		QL	Nesting error in equivalence
DL	Wrong data/variable list length	QS	Syntax error in EQUIVALENCE
DN	DO-END missing			RD	Redefining variable dimensions
DO	Syntax error in do		RT	Redefining variable type
DP	Bad DO loop parameter		RW	Syntax error in read/write
EX	Syntax error in EXTERNAL	SF	Bad arithmetic function
GT	Syntax error in GOTO		SN	Illegal name in call
GV	Variable not INTEGER or REAL	SS	Subscript expression error
HO	Hollerith field error		ST	Symbol table full
IE	Error reading input file	SY	System error
IF	Improper statement		TD	Bad syntax in type declaration
LI	Bad arg to logical IF		US	Undefined statement number
LT	Input line too long		VE	Version error
MK	Misspelled keyword


&LOAD

For PAL8 generated binaries:

.LOAD indev:binfile.BN,...

@Switches:

/8	Prog doesn't use below 02000
/9	Prog doesn't use below 12000
/G	Execute program
/I	Memory image file
/R	Reset
/S	Multiple binaries/file
/ff	Force loading to field ff (ff is two octal digits)
=ffnnnn	Set starting address

For FORTRAN programs:

.LOAD outdev:file.LD<indev:file1.RL,...
 
@Switches:

/C     Continue on next line (use RET for cont. lines and ESC for last line)
/G     Chain to run-time system and execute program (terminate line with ESC
       to give I/O specifications and with RET to begin execution)
/S     Print symbol map


&MAP
	BITMAP.SV
 
@Calling Command:

.MAP outdev:mapfile.MP<indev:file.BN,...
 
@Switches:

/n	Force mapping of all files to field n (0-7)
/R	Reset internal map
/S	Allow multiple binaries per file
/T	Select TTY (default) or LPT output format 











&ODT
	ODT
  
@Calling Commands:

.ODT
  
@Internal Commands:
ffnnnn/	  Open loc			nnnn+	Open current loc+nnnn
/	  Reopen last opened loc	nnnn-	Open current loc-nnnn
nnnn	  Deposit nnnn in open loc	nnnnG	Go from loc nnnn
<cr>	  Close previously opened loc	nnnnB	Insert breakpoint at loc nnnn
<lf>	  Close loc, open next loc	B	Remove breakpoint
^	  Close,open loc addressed	A	Open AC
_	  Close,open loc pointed to	L	Open link
M	  Open search mask		C	Continue from breakpoint
M<lf>	  Open lower search limit	nnnnC	Continue nnnn times
M<lf><lf> Open upper search limit	D	Open data field
nnnnW	  Search for nnnn in limits	F	Open field for ^,_, W and B
CTRL/O	  Supress printing			commands

&PAL
	PAL8.SV

@Calling Commands:

.PAL outdev:binfile.BN,outdev:listfile.LS,outdev:tempfile.TM<indev:file.PA

.PAL infile.PA

@Switches:
/B     Treat ! as byte shift		      /K     Use extra memory
/C     Chain to CREF			      /L     Load
/E     Enable error msg on link generated     /N     No listing
/F     Disable 0-fill in TEXT pseudop	      /O     Disable origin 200
/G     Load and execute program		      /S     No symbol table
/H     Non-paginated output		      /T     No form feeds
/J     Don't list lines conditionalized out   /W     Don't remember literals
 
.HELP PALERR	prints PAL8 error messages





&PALERR
	PAL8.SV
    ASSEMBLY ERRORS

BE	Tables overlapped
CF	REF.SV not on SYS:
DE	Device error
DF	Device full
IC	Illegal character
ID	Illegal redefinition
IE	Illegal equals
II	Illegal indirect
IP	Illegal pseudo-op
IZ	Illegal page zero reference
LD	SYS:ABSLDR.SV not found
LG	Link generated
PE	Page exceeded
PH	End of source conditionalized out
RD	Redefinition
SE	Symbol table exceeded
UO	Undefined origin
US	Undefined symbol
ZE	Page 0 exceeded

 
&RTFLOP
	RTFLOP.SV

@Called by:

.RTFLOP

RTFLOP>output filespec<input file/options

Options:

/R	Read file from an RT-11 floppy
/W	Write file onto a floppy in RT-11 format
/L	List directory of an RT-11 floppy
/D	Delete a file from an RT-11 floppy
/Z	Zero an RT-11 floppy (initialize and delete all files)
/0	Select drive 0 (default)
/1	Select drive 1

Example:

RTFLOP>RTFILE.EXT<OSFILE.EX/W/1    copies OSFILE.EX on drive 1 to
				   drive 0 as RTFILE.EXT

Errors:

Bad slash option	 not a legal option
No option flag		 required option not specified
Bad directory		 directory requested was in wrong format
			   has never been initialized
Handler fetch failed	 OS/78 handler requested not available
OS/78 I/O error		 I/O error in OS/78 handler
Can't specify RT-11 dev  device not allowed in RT-11 filespec
Need file name		 file structured devices must have file names
Output device full	 output device has no room for the file
File not found	  	 requested file not found
Segment full		 no room in RT-11 directory
RT-11 Floppy I/O error	 I/O error on RT-11 floppy
OS/78 file overflow	 RT-11 file larger than available OS/78 space



&SET
	SET.SV
 
.SET device [NO] parameter(s)

devices:	terminals: TTY, COM0, COM1, SLU2, SLU3, VLU2, VLU3
		line printers: LPT, LQP
		system (SYS:)
		device handlers (e.g. RXNS, LPSV, VXA0)

Terminal parameters:

	BAUD nn	  set baud rate of VT278 printer port
	COL n	  Set number of columns used by DIRECT 
	ECHO	  Restore terminal character echoing
	ESC	  Echo ESC as dollar sign
	HEIGHT n  Set number of lines sent between PAUSE
	PAGE	  enable the PAGE function
	PAUSE n	  Set pause between "pages" from 1-85 seconds.
	SCOPE	  Erase character on terminal in response to DEL
	WIDTH n	  Set width of terminal to n

Line printer parameters:

	LC	  do not convert lowercase to uppercase (LPSV only)
	WIDTH n   Set width of lineprinter to n

Device handler parameters:

.SET HANDLER old new	old     = Handler to be replaced 
			new     = Handler to be inserted

Example:   .SET HANDLER LPTS LPSV     to replace the serial LPT
				      handler with the parallel version

NOTE: both old and new handlers must reside on SYS: as handler.HN

.SET HANDLER /L			Display list of current handlers	

System parameters:

.SET SYS INIT file	Request execution of "file" when starting system.

Examples:

          .SET SYS INIT R LOG     will execute the file LOG.SV upon boot
	  .SET SYS INIT HELP	  will execute the CCL command HELP
	  .SET SYS INIT @NEW	  will execute the file NEW.CM

.SET SYS DEVICE logdev handler.hn

			Transfer current OS/78 system to another logical
			device "logdev:". System handler to use is
			"handler.hn". Read the SET command chapter before
			doing this!


&SUBMIT
	BATCH.SV
 
@Calling Commands:

.SUBMIT spooldev:<batchfile.BI - - - - (batchfile must be on SYS:)	
 
@Switches:

/E	Don't abort on monitor, and CCL errors
/H	Suppress BATCH log and terminal output
/Q	Send only $JOB and $MSG lines to log
/T	Send output from processing to terminal only
/U	Accept no terminal input except CRTL/C










&LIST
&COPY
&RENAME
&DELETE
&TYPE
	FOTP.SV
 
@Calling Commands:

.COPY outdev:file.ex<indev:file.ex	   (* =  wild name or extension)
.REN outdev:newfile.ex<indev:oldfile.ex	   (? =  wild character)
.DEL dev:file.ex
.LIST dev:file.ex - - - - (same as: .COPY LPT:<indev:file.ex)
.TYPE dev:file.ex - - - - (same as: .COPY TTY:<indev:file.ex)
 
@Switches:

/C	Match only files with current date
/F	Request new device if no room on current device
/N	No pre-delete
/O	Match only files with other than today's date
/Q	Query user about file before operation
/T	Use today's date
/U	Treat each input specification separately
/V	Match files not of form specified


&ASSIGN
&DATE
&DEASSIGN
&GET
&MEMORY
&R
&RUN
&SAVE
&START
&SQUISH
&TERMIN
&UA
&UB
&UC
&ZERO
	COMMANDS WITH SINGLE ARGUMENT
 
@Calling Commands:
.ASSIGN dev name		Assign name to device
.DATE dd-mon-yy			Enter date into system
.DEASSIGN			Deassign logical device names
.GET dev:file.ex		Load memory image (.SV) file
.MEMORY n			Specify highest memory field available
.R file				Execute file.sv from SYS
.RUN dev:file.ex		Execute file.ex from the device
.SAVE dev:file.ex		Save memory image (.SV)
.SQUISH dev:			Compress file storage on device
.START fnnnn			Start execution at location fnnnn (octal)
.TERMIN				Stop OS/78 operation and run TERMIN.SV
.UA (UB, UC) commandline	Save commandline (type: .UA<cr> to execute it)
.ZERO dev:			Zero device's directory








&WRITE

If you don't like the HELP files furnished with OS/78, you can write
your own. Just follow a few guidelines for changing the text file
accessed from HELP.

1.  The HELP processor uses standard OS/78 handlers, so any ASCII
file that is unpacked (one character/word) or packed in standard
OS/78 format can be read.

2.  The matching key for entries in the HELP file is &WORD, where
"WORD" can be any length. Only the first 6 characters are considered
unique for comparison by HELP.SV, and only the first 10 characters
are printed by the HELP ? request to list all subjects.

3.  The first keyword for a subject must be preceded by a linefeed
character. The combination <LF>& indicates a file for a HELP sub-
ject. Related keywords can be included under the first, provided
they are preceded by only the amphersand. These keywords will also
be found by HELP. For example, help requested for COMPILE and
FORTRAN access the same subject file.

4.  Keywords must be in uppercase, though the text of the HELP
subject may be uppper and lowercase.

5.  The HELP file may be as long as you like. Any entry in the file
can be as long as you like, provided you don't exceed any OS/78 file
size limitations.

6.  Entries in the file need not be in alphabetical order. However,
the list of keywords that reference the file material must be in
alphabetical order. The order of subject entries in HELP.HL
determines the order of display when the HELP ? command is given. If
the subjects are alphabetical, the display across the VDT will be in
alphabetical order. RX01/02 system users should note that HELP.SV
reads 8 OS/78 blocks at a time when searching for a subject, so
users of these systems can shuffle the most frequently referenced
HELP commands toward the front of the file to minimize search time.


7.  For detailed examples, LIST HELP.HL.